But not, the overall facts are unconvincing. Small size and you may ineffective slimming down analysis are among the limits of the previous epidemiological degree, because the diet centered on just one twenty-four-hr keep in mind was applied to anticipate heart attack chance over a several-, step one 16-, dos or 20-year period. 4 That it losing weight research reduces the ability to adjust getting use off other foodstuffs otherwise nutrients that can explain the inverse connections stated. eleven To overcome that it limit, we handled this new theory you to definitely large potassium intake reduces the exposure out-of stroke in the a huge cohort of men who completed a outlined and you can confirmed semiquantitative restaurants frequency survey in the standard and you will was used upwards to own 8 age. At the same time, we tested the brand new associations ranging from threat of heart attack and you will consumption off dietary fiber, magnesium, and you may calcium, being correlated with intake out-of potassium that can getting relevant in order to risk of coronary attack.
Society
The Health Professionals Follow-up Study began in 1986, when 51 529 health professionals 40 to 75 years old 12 completed a 131-item food-frequency questionnaire and provided information about medical history and lifestyle. Follow-up questionnaires were sent every 2 years to update information on potential risk factors and to identify newly diagnosed cases of stroke and other diseases. We excluded from analysis 1595 men who did not satisfy the a priori criteria of daily caloric intake between 800 and 4200 kcal and <70 blanks out of 131 total listed food items. In addition, we excluded men with prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery surgery, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, or diabetes. The average response rate for the 2-year follow-up cycles was >94%. Nonresponding participants not matched to the National Death Index were assumed to be alive.
Assessment out of Dieting and Most other Coverage Details
The new 1986 survey asked about mediocre regularity from intake during the earlier 12 months regarding given servings off 131 edibles and use regarding vitamin and mineral capsules. Mineral data got into account the particular sort of morning meal cereal and you may nutrients said from the for every topic. I including asked about the means to access certain products of potassium and you will magnesium (aside from nutrients). We thought the level of potassium on these certain medicine so you can end up being step 1 g/d and therefore from magnesium 0.step 3 g/d, given that info on amounts just weren’t requested throughout the questionnaire. I analyzed the latest authenticity of the questionnaire in the a random take to out of 127 men which done one or two 1-week diet records. thirteen The latest correlations within dos examination of intake, energy-adjusted and fixed to own contained in this-individual type throughout the diet facts, had been 0.65 to possess potassium, 0.64 to own fiber, 0.66 having magnesium, and you can 0.53 to have calcium. Along with diet plan, during first time gay hookup the 1986, professionals was basically expected so you can declaration its common systolic and you will diastolic blood tension and you can whether they had doctor-diagnosed blood pressure. New legitimacy of these parameters has been noted before. fourteen
Cases
Prevent facts was indeed fatal and nonfatal strokes taking place within come back of one’s baseline questionnaire and you will January 29, 1994. People revealing an incident heart attack to your a take-upwards questionnaire had been asked for permission to review scientific records. Strokes was basically verified when the described as an everyday neurologic problem out of sudden or quick beginning, long-term ?day and owing to a beneficial cerebrovascular knowledge. Shots for the reason that disease or neoplasia was basically omitted. Studies were presented from the doctors with no knowledge of the fresh new subjects’ exposure factor standing. Shots was in fact subclassified according to criteria of your National Survey regarding Coronary attack given that on account of ischemia (embolism or thrombosis), subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or unknown result in. fifteen If the no facts could well be received, strokes was basically thought probable when they required hospitalization and you can have been substantiated of the additional information provided with letter otherwise interviews.